Ngiziphi iindlela zokwakha iingcenye zeplastiki?
Ngiziphi iindlela zokwakha iingcenye zeplastiki?
Umklamo wendlela yokwakha iingcenye zeplastiki ufaka hlangana ukucabangela okufana nejometri, ukunemba kwemilinganiso, isilinganiso sokudweba, uburhaba bendawo, ukujiya kweboda, i-engele yokudonsa, ububanzi bembobo, i-fillet radii, i-engele yokudonsa isikhunta, kanye nezimbambo zokuqinisa. I-atikili le izakuhlathulula ngalinye lamaphuzu la begodu ikhulume ngokuthi zingathuthukiswa njani izinto lezi ngesikhathi sokwenza i-thermoforming ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kuhle kokukhiqiza.
1. Ijometri nokunemba kobukhulu
Soloko ukufuthumala kweplastiki yindlela yesibili yokusebenza, khulukhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-vacuum, kuvame ukuba nesikhala hlangana nephepha leplastiki nesikhunta. Phezu kwalokho, ukuncipha nokutjhuguluka, khulukhulu eendaweni eziphuma ngaphandle, kungabangela bona ukujiya kweboda kube mncani, okudosela ekutheni kube nokwehla kwamandla. Ngalokho-ke, iingcenye zeplastiki ezisetjenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-vacuum akukafaneli zibe neemfuneko eziqinileko khulu zejometri nokunemba kwemilinganiso.
Ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, ishidi leplastiki elifuthumeleko lisebujameni bokululeka obungavinjelwa, okungadosela ekutheni litjhinge. Kuhlanganiswe nokupholisa okukhulu nokuncipha ngemva kokususwa, ubukhulu bokugcina nobujamo bomkhiqizo bungaba bunzima ngebanga lokutjhuguluka kwamazinga womtjhiso nebhoduluko. Ngebanga lalesi sizathu, iingcenye zeplastiki ezibunjwe ngokutjhisa azikalungeli ukusetjenziswa kokubumba ngokunembileko.
2. Isilinganiso sokudweba
I-draw ratio, okuyi-ratio yokuphakama kwengcenye (nofana ukutjhinga) ukuya ebubanzini bayo (nofana ububanzi), ikakhulukazi inquma ubudisi bendlela yokwakha. Nayikuthi izinga lokudonsa likhulu, ikambiso yokubumba iba budisi khulu, begodu kungenzeka bona kube neendaba ezingakafaneli ezifana nokushwabana nofana ukuqhekeka. Izinga lokudonsa elidluleleko lehlisa khulu amandla nokuqina kwengcenye. Ngalokho-ke, ekukhiqizeni kwamambala, ibanga elingaphasi kwesilinganiso esiphezulu sokudonsa livamise ukusetjenziswa, kanengi hlangana ne-0.5 ne-1.
Izinga lokudonsa lihlotjaniswa ngqo nobukhulu obuncani bodonga lwengcenye. I-draw ratio encani ingenza amaboda aqinileko, alungele ukwakha amashidi amancani, kuthi i-draw ratio ekulu itlhoga amashidi amade ukuqinisekisa bona ukuqina kweboda akubi mncani khulu. Phezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sokudonsa sihlotjaniswa ne-engele yokudonsa kwesikhunta kanye nokulula kwezinto zeplastiki. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, izinga lokudonsa kufanele lilawulwe ukubalekela ukwanda kwezinga lokulahlwa.
3. Umklamo we-Fillet
Amakhona abukhali akukafaneli akhiwe emakhoneni nofana emaphethelweni weengcenye zeplastiki. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele kusetjenziswe i-fillet ekulu ngendlela ekungakghoneka ngayo, nge-radius yekhoneni ngokuvamileko ingabi mncani kune-4 ukuya ku-5 ubukhulu beshidi. Ukubhalelwa ukwenza njalo kungabanga ukuncipha kwezinto kanye nokugxila kokugandeleleka, okuthinta kumbi amandla nokuqina kwengcenye.
4. I-Engela yedrafti
I-Thermoforming ama-mold, afana nama-mold avamileko, atlhoga i-engele ethileko yokudonsa ukusiza ukukhipha. I-engele yokudonsa ivamise ukusuka ku-1° ukuya ku-4°. I-engeli encani yokudonsa ingasetjenziselwa ama-mold wesifazane, njengoba ukuncipha kwengcenye yeplastiki kunikela ngokuvuleka okungeziweko, okwenza ukukhipha kube lula.
5. Idizayini yeembambo zokuqinisa
Amashidi weplastiki akhiwe ngokutjhisa avamise ukuba mncani khulu, begodu ikambiso yokwenza ilinganiselwe yi-draw ratio. Ngalokho-ke, ukungezelela iimbambo zokuqinisa eendaweni ezibuthakathaka ngokwesakhiwo yindlela eqakathekileko yokwandisa ukuqina nokuqina. Ukubekwa kweembambo zokuqinisa kufanele kuqalwe ngokutjheja ukubalekela iindawo ezincani khulu ngaphasi nasemakhoneni wengcenye.
Ukungezelela, ukungezelela imisele engatjhingiko, amaphetheni, nofana amatshwayo ngaphasi kwegobolondo elibunjwe ngokutjhisa kungakhuphula ukuqina begodu kusekele isakhiwo. Imisele engatjhingiko emide emahlangothini ikhuphula ukuqina okujameleko, kuthi imigodi engatjhingiko edlulako, nanyana ikhuphula ukujamelana nokuwohloka, ingenza ukukhipha kube budisi.
6. Ukuncipha komkhiqizo
Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokutjhisa ngokuvamileko uhlangabezana nokuncipha okukhulu, okuma-50% wakhona kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokupholisa esikhunjeni. Nangabe amazinga womtjhiso wesikhunta aphezulu, ingcenye ingancipha ngama-25% angezelelweko njengombana ipholile ukuya emazingeni womtjhiso wegumbi ngemva kokukhipha isikhunta, kuthi ukuncipha okuseleko okungu-25% kwenzeke emahoreni ama-24 alandelako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo eyakhiwe ngokusebenzisa ama-mold wesifazane ivame ukuba nezinga lokuncipha eliphezulu ngama-25% ukuya ku-50% kunaleyo eyakhiwe ngama-mold wesilisa. Ngalokho-ke, kuqakathekile ukucabangela ukuncipha ngesikhathi senqubo yokuklama ukuqinisekisa bona ubukhulu bokugcina buhlangabezana neemfuneko zokunemba.
Ngokuthuthukisa umklamo wejometri, isilinganiso sokudweba, irediyasi ye-fillet, i-engeli yokudonsa, iimbambo zokuqinisa, nokuncipha, ikhwalithi nokuzinza kweengcenye zeplastiki ezibunjwe ngokutjhisa kungathuthukiswa khulu. Iinsetjenziswa zokuklama ikambiso zinomthelela oqakathekileko ekukhiqizeni kuhle nekusebenzeni kwemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-thermoformed begodu ziqakathekile ekuqinisekiseni bona imikhiqizo ihlangabezana neemfuneko zabasebenzisi.